Description trichogramma is a minute parasitic wasp, that attacks the eggs over 150 species of moths, including cabbage looper, codling moth, oriental fruit. Host influence on the prolificacy and size of trichogramma. Molecular identification of trichogramma species from regions. Trichogramma is one of around 80 genera from the family trichogrammatidae, with over 200 species worldwide. Trichograma japonicum is a minute wasp or parasitoid which lays around 100,000 to 120,000 eggs during its life cycle. Description trichogramma is a minute parasitic wasp, that attacks the eggs over 150 species of moths, including cabbage looper, codling moth, oriental fruit moth, twig borers and fruitworms. Quite a few species of trichogramma 55 can be added to the ten trichogramma species given in the storedproduct insect resources book as shown below.
Collection of trichogramma from field as founder population, propagation and conservation 2. Ipm, banana moth, biological control selection of trichogramma species as potential natural enemies for the control of. Trichogramma wasps used as biocontrol agents in the greater. International organisation for biological control iobc.
An trichogramma brassicae in uska species han hymenoptera nga ginhulagway ni bezdenko hadton 1968. Biology, behavior, and genetic diversity of trichogramma. Telenomus dignus, and trichogramma japonicum as biological control are widely distribute in the rice field. A parasitoid larva feeds like a true parasite on or inside a unique living host, obtaining. Trichogramma pretiosum an overview sciencedirect topics. Sexual isolation was found to be generally weak, so that. Trichogramma ostriniae has been identified as a candidate for biological control of ostrinia nubilalis. Trichogramma, and the sequence has also aided the description of at least one new trichogramma species, t. Currently, the application of trichogramma depends mainly upon inundative releases, which require numerous trichogramma individuals in the short term. Some of the important species that have been recorded from several insect eggs include trichogramma minutum, trichogramma evanescens, trichogramma chilonis, trichogramma pretiosum, and trichogramma dendrolimi. Wasps in the genus trichogramma are tiny beneficial wasps that feed on the eggs of several insect pests. Brower 1984, hayat and viggiani 1984, polaszek 2010 and smith 1996 have provided extensive lists of trichogramma hosts. An trichogramma japonicum in uska species han hymenoptera nga ginhulagway ni william harris ashmead hadton 1904.
Trichogramma are essential for controlling moth species which affect agricultural plants at some point during the growing season. Trichogramma for moth and caterpillar control beneficial. Identification of novel sex pheromone components from a. The control efficiency is closely related to the ability of the parasitoid to use chemical volatiles in searching for hosts, and the odorant binding proteins obps may serve as a first step in the perception of these chemical cues. Trichoforce b trichogramma brassicae this is the ideal product when targeting the eggs of moths whose larvae are pests of cole crops as well as the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. Trichogramma ostriniae has been shown to be effective against the asian corn borer, o.
Trichogramma is one of around 80 genera from the family trichogrammatidae, with over 200 species worldwide although several groups of egg parasitoids are commonly employed for biological control throughout the world, trichogramma spp. The present work was conducted in the farmers field. Kairomones effect on parasitic activity of trichogramma japonicum. The functional response is an important attribute for measuring the efficacy of natural enemies li et al. A guide to the use of trichogramma for biological control with special reference to augmentative releases for control of bollworm and budworm in cotton knutson, allen on. Biological management of rice stem borer in the farmers field. Trichogrammatidae is a biological control agent that parasitizes the eggs of many lepidopteran insects. Environmental biology, who are specialising in entomology. Biosystematic studies on trichogramma species hymenoptera. Biosystematic studies on trichogramma specieshymenoptera.
For medium and heavy infestations, 50,000 and 100,000 trichogramma, respectively, should be released twice each week. Trichogramma can survive into a wide range of temperature and gave successful control of lepidopteran pests in many crops nadeem and hamed, 2011. In paddy field trials, the two trichogramma species were released at three densities 50,000ha, 100,000ha and 200,000ha in southwestern china. Pdf two species of trichogramma wasps were assessed for their. Sex allocation and effects of superparasitism on secondary sex. Elsewhere in the text specific names follow the usage of the author concerned. Les especes bien distinctes par leur morphologie sont.
Trichogramma natural enemies of storedproduct insects. Potential use of trichogramma pintoi as a biocontrol agent. Effect of neem products on parasitism rates of trichogramma pretiosum a and t. Bone encyclopedia of life support systems eolss generally does not kill and predator which kill the prey or host behaviors. An trichogramma brassicae in nahilalakip ha genus nga trichogramma, ngan familia nga trichogrammatidae. A molecular key to the common species of trichogramma of the. Influence on egg laying and interspecific variability of some active secondary compounds. Experimental hybridization between some trichogramma spp. Despite its size, this parasitic wasp is an efficient destroyer of the eggs of more than 200 species of moths and butterflies which are leaf eaters in the larval stage. Taxonomy of the genus trichogramma hymenoptera, chalcidoidea. To help rice farmers in the greater mekong region, a project was launched in 2011 to promote the establishment of trichogramma massproduction facilities and affordable and practical pest control methods. Abstract the yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas, is a borer pest of low.
Trichoforce pl trichogramma platneri or trichoforce m trichogramma minutum this is the ideal product for moth control in orchards or tall. The augmentative release of trichogramma japonicum in the field at the rate of 70 to 100 cards per ha. Despite the widespread use of trichogramma, there are relatively few cases where the successful control of a pest can be unequivocally ascribed to releases of these. A new species of trichogramma westwood hymenoptera. Molecular identification of trichogramma species from. Trichogramma is a genus of minute polyphagous wasps that are endoparasitoids of insect eggs. Moths are adult insects that usually feed on nectar produced by plants and honeydew produced by certain insects. Aug 23, 2017 trichogramma japonicum ashmead hymenoptera. Two species of trichogramma wasps were assessed for their effectiveness against yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas.
As little was known about the biology of this parasitoid when reared on o. Different letters indicate significant differences. The new record of trichogramma japonicum ashmead, an egg parasitoid of chilo suppressalis walker in jilin, china. Nonlinear least squares regression wilkinson 1989 was used to estimate the parameters a and t h in the functional response equation. Exposure of trichogramma to host eggs on large quantity 4. Identification and sex expression profiling of odorant. Molecular identification of trichogramma species from regions in brazil biosystems, usa using specific thermocycling 96c10 sec53c 20 sec 60c 1 min, samples remained at 4c until they were removed for sequencing. Insects, eissn 20754450, published by mdpi ag disclaimer the statements, opinions and data contained in the journal insects are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editors. Agriculturally important biocontrol agent trichogramma. Trichogramma brassicae, minutum and platneri mixed all on one card trichogramma are among the smallest insects, having a wingspread of about 150th of an inch. Trichogramma japonicum is a minute wasp or parasitoid which lays around 1 lakh to 1. Vii parasitoid wasps, natural enemies of insects a.
While adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Reports from former soviet republics indicate that 20,000 trichogramma per acre, or 1 parasite per 20 pest eggs, produces 90100% parasitization of. Biology of an egg parasite of callosobruchus maculatus fab. Side effects of insecticides on natural enemies and. A molecular key to the common species of trichogramma of. After amplification, 80 l of isopropanol 75% was added to the samples and left for 15 min at room temperature.
There are 230 recorded species and the highest numbers of species have been described from the usa, india, brazil, china, and russia. Pdf biology, behavior, and genetic diversity of trichogramma. Effect of the foliage of different pine species on the development and on the oviposition of the pine sawfly diprion pini l. An trichogramma japonicum in nahilalakip ha genus nga trichogramma, ngan familia nga trichogrammatidae. Parasitoids of the rice leaffolder cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Biology life history i the development of all trichogramma spp.
A biometrical study of two morphologically similar species oftrichogramma. Extensive gene rearrangements in the mitochondrial genomes of. One tricho card contains approximately 1,500 to 2,000 trichogramma wasps ready to parasitize eggs of stemborer. Observations on the biology of caraphractus cinctus walker hymenoptera. Biological control of insect pests using egg parasitoids. Effectiveness of trichogramma japonicum utilization for biological. Dec 12, 2019 currently, the application of trichogramma depends mainly upon inundative releases, which require numerous trichogramma individuals in the short term.
New reports and distribution of trichogramma species hymenoptera. Selection of trichogramma species as potential natural. Reports from former soviet republics indicate that 20,000 trichogramma per acre, or 1 parasite. We found novel and extensive gene rearrangements in both species compared with the. Trichogramma, the egg parasitoid under order hymenoptera parasitizes on eggs of more than 200 insect pests of rice, sugarcane and cotton. Crossing experiments between 8 different species of trichogramma from the new world are described. Role of the egg parasitoid, trichogramma evanescens west. Trichogramma are even used against lepidoptera in stored grain, where trichogramma evanescans and t. In the study, we sequenced two mitochondrial genomes from trichogramma ostriniae and trichogramma japonicum. State key laboratory for biology of plant disease and insect pests, institute of. Feb 08, 2017 in paddy field trials, the two trichogramma species were released at three densities 50,000ha, 100,000ha and 200,000ha in southwestern china. Parasitoidism parasitism, important mode of life in hymenoptera 3. Although several groups of egg parasitoids are commonly employed for biological control throughout the world, trichogramma spp. It is the best biological method of control for rice stem borer which is the most common pest found in paddy.
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